Purebred vs. a Mixed-Breed Dog: Which Is Better?

The German Shepherd Dog. The Goldendoodle. The mixed-breed dog. What do these three dogs have in common? They all deserve loving homes and can make great companions, of course. But they are also three different “types” of dogs: purebred, designer, and mixed breed, all of whom you can rescue.

If you’re considering getting a dog, there are many factors to consider related to which type of dog to get. Cost is a big one, as is temperament. So, is it better to get a purebred or mixed-breed dog? We’ll walk you through this decision-making process. 

What’s the difference between a purebred, a designer, and a mixed-breed dog?

It’s all about genetics. 

Purebred dogs have two parents of the same “recognized” breed, while a mixed-breed dog is a dog who comes from two or more dog breeds. “We call mixed-breed dogs ‘Heinz 57s’ because there are multiple dog breeds in that one dog,” says Dr. Nancy Welborn, a veterinarian and associate professor of Community Practice at Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine. As for designer dogs, such as the Goldendoodle? Technically, they could be considered mixed-breed dogs too, because they’re a blend of two different dog breeds. 

While you may have a preference for specific physical traits in dogs, you’ll find that many mixed-breed pups end up possessing the same qualities you’re looking for in a purebred dog. Confused? Don’t be. Keep reading on to better understand what you’re signing up for when you get a purebred dog vs. a mixed-bred dog.

Purebred vs. mixed-breed dogs

Debating between adopting a mixed breed and buying a purebred? Before rushing into a decision, consider these important factors. 

Purebred dogs

• Cost: Purebred puppies can be significantly more expensive than adopting a mixed-breed puppy. The upfront cost of buying a purebred dog can be anywhere from $500 to $3,000 — or even more. 

• Health issues: Selective breeding can make purebreds more prone to certain genetic health problems, and thus more expensive vet bills. Take lovable Labradors and Golden Retrievers, for example. They’re prone to hip and elbow dysplasia, says Dr. Gabre Denton, a veterinarian and pet training coach for TeachMe.To. 

• Predictable traits: Sure, you can expect a certain size and coat type with a purebred dog, but personality and temperament can’t be guaranteed, despite what a breeder tells you. They’re less influenced by breed and are far more influenced by a dog’s personal nature, socialization, training, and other life history.

• Unethical breeders: Many purebred dogs are sourced from puppy mills, where dogs endure inhumane conditions. They often won’t let you see the puppy and breeding parent’s living conditions. The puppies and/or breeding parents may be living in dirty or unsafe conditions and have serious health issues.

• They’re bred for specific tasks: For centuries, purebred dogs have been selectively bred to do certain jobs. If you’re looking for a dog to help with a specific activity such as guarding, herding livestock, hunting, or retrieving, a purebred dog might be an option for you. (Though plenty of mixed-breeds are up to the task).

• Overpopulation: Animal shelters are overflowing with dogs waiting for homes. Choosing to adopt over buying from a breeder saves one of those lives. According to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), an estimated 3.1 million dogs enter U.S. animal shelters each year. Sadly, due to limited space and resources, approximately 390,000 of those dogs are needlessly euthanized. You can often find purebred dogs in shelters anyhow, surrendered by pet parents who underestimate the commitment required. 

Mixed-breed dogs

• Fewer health issues: While a mixed-breed dog isn’t immune from health issues, they are generally healthier than purebred dogs, thanks to a wider gene pool: They have less risk of inheriting breed-specific diseases. Plus, “survival of the fittest” can also play a role, Welborn says. When dogs breed naturally, the stronger ones are more likely to pass on their genes, leading to generally healthier mixed-breed populations.

• Budget-friendly: Adoption fees for mixed breeds are typically much lower than for purebreds, plus they’ll likely come home spayed or neutered and with their essential vaccines. Want to save money on training, too? Many shelters and rescues offer free or low-cost training and care resources to adopters. 

• Variety of pups: Shelters have so many mixed-breed dogs, and all are unique in looks and personality. You can find dogs of all ages and sizes to fit your lifestyle. 

• There are shelter programs to help you choose: Shelter staff can tell you a lot about a shelter pup, from their favorite activities to how they get along with other pets or kids. And some shelters and rescues may offer programs to help you get to know a dog even better, with foster-to-adopt programs and overnight sleepovers. 

• You’re saving a life: By adopting a mixed-breed dog from a shelter, you’re not just getting a fantastic companion, you’re also giving a deserving animal a loving home. Shelters are full of amazing dogs waiting for their second chance, Welborn says. 

How to adopt a mixed or purebred dog 

Before deciding on a dog, Welborn suggests making a list of your lifestyle, preferences, and expectations. Rather than asking what a dog can do for your life, she suggests asking what you can offer the dog. For instance, do you have the time and patience for puppy training, or are you drawn to an older dog with established skills? Denton recommends considering the following:

• Does your home comfortably accommodate a dog?

• Does your living situation offer a yard or allow for regular park visits?

• Can you and your family provide enough exercise to match the dog’s energy level?

• Are you and your family prepared to offer the dog affection, training, and mental stimulation?

• Are you able to afford the costs of having a dog?

Ready to adopt a dog? You can start your search on Adopt a Pet. Filter by breed, age, coat color, sex, and other characteristics that are important to you — such as if they’re good with kids or with other dogs. 

Most common mixed-breed dogs

Mixed-breed dogs come in endless combinations. Here are some you might meet at your local rescue or shelter:

• Pit Bull mixes

• Husky mixes

• Corgi mixes

• Labrador Retriever mixes

• Shepherd mixes

• Chihuahua mixes

• Beagle mixes

• Bulldog mixes

Commonly asked questions

Can I rescue a purebred dog? 

Yes, you can rescue a purebred dog. While some breeds might be less common in shelters, breed-specific rescues do exist. There’s also a chance you’ll find a mixed-breed dog with a strong resemblance to a particular breed you may like.

Where do I adopt a dog? 

You can start your search for an adoptable dog in your area using an online platform such as Adopt a Pet. By setting your location radius and desired traits in a dog, you’ll see dogs available who match your criteria at local shelters, rescues, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCAs), and humane societies. 

Are purebred dogs unethical?

Unethical breeders are prevalent, unfortunately. They disregard a dog’s quality of life through poor conditions and irresponsible breeding practices that lead to health and behavioral issues. Before buying a puppy, please consider adopting from a breed-specific rescue instead. 

Why should I adopt a dog?

Shelters are overflowing with amazing dogs waiting for a second chance. By adopting, you save a life and gain a loving companion. Adopting is also a budget-friendly choice compared to buying a purebred puppy. Many local shelters offer a variety of pups, including purebred dogs.

References

Acquiring a Pet Dog: A Review of Factors Affecting the Decision-Making of Prospective Dog Parents

Giving a Second Chance: The Importance of Adopting from an Animal Shelter

Lifetime Prevalence of Owner-Reported Medical Conditions in the 25 Most Common Dog Breeds